8.Chapter 14.History.The Nationalist Movement (1870-1947).
CW/HW.S.St. Answers Sheet.
Chapter 14 History.
The Nationalist Movement (1870-1947)
The Nationalist Movement (1870-1947)
Something To Know.
A. Tick ( ) the correct option.
A. Tick ( ) the correct option.
1. Montague Chemsford reforms introduced
(a) the system of Dual government.
(b) a strong Central Government.
(c) autonomy to the provinces of British India.
(d) separate electorate for the Muslims,
2.Gandhiji started the historic Dandi March from Sabarmati Asharam to Dandi on-
(a) March 12, 1930
(b) February 12, 1930
(c) March 13, 1930
(d) April 13, 1930
3. What was the British motive behind the partition of Bengal in July, 1905?
(a) It was difficult to govern such a big province.
(b) It was difficult to collect revenue in a large state like Bengal.
(c) The Britishers wanted to weaken the Hindu-Muslim unity.
(d) The Britishers wanted to win over the Muslims.
4. Who amongst the following was not a moderate?
(a) W.C. Bonnerjee
(b) Pherozshah Mehta
(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale
(d) Lala Lajpat Rai
5.The slogan "Do or Die" was given during the-
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Quit India Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) Peasants and Workers Movement
B. Fill in the blanks,
1. The rule of East India Company ended on 1st of November 1958.
2. INA was organized by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
3. Early phase of Congress was under Moderate leaders.
4. Home Rule League was started by Anni Besant in Madras.
5. Rowlatt Act empowered the British to put people in jail without trail.
C.Match the following.
1.Formation of Indian National Congress (a)1906 /(d)1885
1.Formation of Indian National Congress (a)1906 /(d)1885
2 Morley Minto Reforms (b)1919/(e)1909
3.Formation of Muslim League (c)1927/(a)1906
4 Montague Chemsford Reforms (d)1885/(b)1919
5.Simon Commission to India (e)1909/(c)1927
D.Answer the following questions in brief.
Q.1 Mention the main demands of the radical group of the Congress.
Answer : Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal (Lal, Bal, Pal) emerged as new leaders and were known as Radicals.
a.They did not believe in appeals.
b.They believed in actions - protests, hartals and slogans.
c.They propagated Indian culture and Hinduism.
d.They strongly favoured their self rule or own governance.
2. State the major achievements of Lucknow Pact of 1916.
Answer : Lucknow Pact of 1916 was signed in 1916, the Moderates and Radicals reunited to strengthen the National Movement after nine years.
And they also signed a joint pact at Lucknow with the Muslim League.
They jointly demanded self - rule for India.
3 Describe the contribution of Subash Chandra Bose in the freedom struggle of India.
Answer : Subhash Chandra Bose emerged as the most prominent leader during this period. He was read to join hands with enemies of the British like Germany and Japan to get the British out of India.
'You give me blood and I will give you freedom' was the slogan of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.
He disappeared from the British detention and went abroad to seek help for the cause India's independence.
Subhash Chandra Bose was handed over the Indian National Army that had been initially organized by Mohan Singh. Bose re - organized it to overthrow the British from India.
The officers of the Indian National Army hoisted the tricolor but they were arrested an tried.
4. List the main features of the Lahore session of Congress in 1929.
Answer : In December 1929, the Congress session was held on the bank of River Ravi in Lahore, with Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru as the President.
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| Lahore Session. |
b.At this session, it was decided to celebrate January 26, 1930 as the First Independence Day of India.
As per the resolution after the Lahore session in 1929, c.January 26 was celebrated as Independence Day every year.
The Constitution of India was completed on November 26, 1949 but was decided to adopt and enforce it on January 26, 1950 in the memory of Jaunary 26, 1930.
5. Explain any three main provisions of the Government of India Act, 1935.
Answer Government of India Act 1935 introduced some more reforms to pacify Indians.
a.The Head of the Central administration was the Governor - General. He continued to have the supreme power.
b.The member of states of Federation had autonomy with respect to subjects delegated to them.
c.The center continued to control defense, external affairs and railways.
d.A Federal Court was established for provinces and Princely States.
E. Answer the following questions,
1. Who were the moderates? What were their main demands?
Answer : Gradually, the Congress became the backbone of the National Movement (1885–1947).
The early phase of the Congress was influenced by the leaders who were referred as Moderates (1885–1905).
The Moderates had complete faith in the British. They adopted moderate ways to pursue their goals. They believed in 3ps i.e. pray, protest and petition
Their main demands were to
a. have representative institutions in the whole country for the welfare of the people.
b. create Provincial Legislative Councils in all provinces.
c. recruit Indians for higher positions in the administration.
d. hold Civil Services Examination in India.
e. ensure the growth of Indian industries and handicrafts.
f. stop the drain of wealth to Britain.
g. end the exploitation of Indian resources and people.
2. Describe the role played by any two mass movements towards intensifying the struggle for freedom.
Answer Quit India Movement 1942
Mahatma wanted the British to leave India. So Gandhiji gave the final blow to the Britishers on August 8 1942 by launching the Quit India Movement. The mantras were given as 'Do or Die' and British Quit India
It was a civil disobedience movement in response to Gandhiji's call for immediate independence in which all Indians participated actively.
Within 24 hours, Gandhiji and all prominent Congress leaders were arrested. Gandhiji's mantra of Do or Die inspired thousands of people.
The Britishers were infuriated. The police and army waged brutal terror on people.
However it was supposed to be the final blow as it shook the root of the British.
Ultimately the British had to leave India just after 5 years and India got independence on 15th of August of 1947.
Civil Disobedience Movement. (1930-34)
Salt is the basic requirement for every
person. The British government had a monopoly on salt production and passed a law, banning manufacturing of salt by Indians so that the British could sell salt at high rates and the salt made in Liverpool in England would not face any competition, Starting Paint Sabarmati Ashram So on March 12, 1930, Mahatma Gandhi began his Allah epic Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. That is Nadiad how the march came to be known as Dandi March. He was accompanied by 78 supporters. They made salt from sea water and broke the law. Route Map of Dandi March Salt Satyagraha was an open challenge to the British and the Civil Disobedience spread all over the country. It became the second mass movement as schools, colleges and courts were boycotted, foreign goods were burnt; peasants refused to pay taxes and shops selling foreign goods were picketed.
Salt is the basic requirement for every
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| Salt Satyagrah. |
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| Gaffar Khan. |
A strong feeling of patriotism spread to all parts of the country. A feeling of belonging to a nation united the people living in different parts of India Photo of Abdul Gaffar Khan.
3. Why did Gandhiji give a call to start Non-Cooperation Movement? Which activities gave momentum to this Movement?
Answer : Mahatma Gandhi used to say, 'The British rule was established and survived in India with the cooperation of Indians. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule would collapse and Swaraj would come.
Congress session at Nagpur in December 1920 ratified Gandhiji's call for Non - Cooperation not to cooperate with the government.
Cause : Non - Cooperation was directed against the proposed done by the British in Punjab and Turkey It began with
Programmes :
a. renouncing of titles and honors given by the British. boycott of legislatures,
b. boycott of schools and colleges by students and teachers.
c. opening of Jamia Milia at Aligarh and Kashi Vidya Peeth at Benaras.
d. boycott of government offices and courts. bonfires of foreign goods.
c. hartals and strikes all over the country.
After 1919, the struggle against the British rule took the form of a mass movement which involved peasants, tribals, students, workers, traders, women, etc.
The unity between Hindus and Muslims strengthened. When the Non - Cooperation movement was launched, people whole heartedly participated in it. The Britishers retaliated by imprisoning all the important leaders of the movement accept Gandhiji.
4. Describe two main features of each of Morley Minto Reforms of 1909 and Government of India Act of 1935 as well as 1935.
Answer Morley Minto Reforms.(1909)
a. First true attempt at introducing a representative and popular element in India.
b. It introduced changes in the size and functions of the Councils at the Central as well as Provincial levels.
c.Separate electorate were granted to the Muslims.
Montague Chemsford Reform /Government of India Act (1919)
a. Diarchy was introduced at provincial level. Diarchy means a 'dual set of governments'.
b.The Government of India Act of 1919, made a provision for classification of the Central and Provincial subjects.
c.This Act made the Central Legislature bicameral.
d.The Act provided for the establishment of a Public Service Commission in India for the first time
Government of India Act (1935).
a.The grant of a large measure of autonomy to the province of British India and ending the Diarchy system introduced by the Government of India Act.1919.
b.The introduction of direct elections.
c.Membership of the provincial assemblies was altered so as to include any number of elected Indian representatives, who were now able to secure majority and be appointed to form governments. ,
d.The establishment of a Federal Court.
5. Quit India Movement was the last blow to the British rule in India" Give arguments in support this
Answer Mahatma wanted the British to leave India. So Gandhiji gave the final blow to the Britishers on August 8 1942 by launching the Quit India Movement. The mantras were given as 'Do or Die' and British Quit India
It was a civil disobedience movement in response to Gandhiji's call for immediate independence in which all Indians participated actively.
Within 24 hours, Gandhiji and all prominent Congress leaders were arrested. Gandhiji's mantra of Do or Die inspired thousands of people.
The Britishers were infuriated. The police and army waged brutal terror on people.
However it was supposed to be the final blow as it shook the root of the British.
Ultimately the British had to leave India just after 5 years and India got independence on 15th of August of 1947.
Value Based Question
Ever since the freedom struggle under the British in India, there had been constant disagreements between the ways of the moderates, the extremists arid various reactionary leaders, such as Gandhuji, Chandrasheihar Azad, Subhash Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru, All of them contributed to the
3. Whose way, do you feel, was more effective and why?
2 Keeping in mind the present day problems of our country, what should be the role of citizen freedom struggle in their own ways.
Map Skill
On an outline political map of India, locate and label the places/states associated with the following
On an outline political map of India, locate and label the places/states associated with the following
(a) Formation of Indian National Congress
(b) Home Rule League
(c) Jalliawanwala Bagh Massacre.
(d) The Congress Session of 1920
(e) Division of Congress 1907
(f) Terminal point of the Salt March 1930
(g) Place associated with the calling off of Non-Cooperation Movement
Something To Do
1. Conduct a street play to show, any one of these-
a. demonstrations against the Partition of Bengal
b. protest against the Simon Commission at Lahore led by Lala Lajpat Rai
c.. the Dandi March led b Gandhiji to start the Civil Disobedience Movement.
2. Complete the given flowchart showing the years and events related to them.
Partition of Bengal 🅪
1906 🅪
Morley Minto Reforms 🅪
1916 🅪
Rowlatt Act 🅪
1927 🅪
1935 🅪
Quit India Movement 🅪
1947 🅪
3. Visit Mahatma Gandhi's Samadhi at Rajghat. Collect information about Gandhiji from the musuem located nearby called Gandhi Smriti.
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