8 Class.Geography.CW/HW.Chapter2.Natural Resources : Land,Soil an Water.


Class : 8
CW/HW. Geography Sheet.
Chapter 2 .Geography. Natural Resources : Land, Soil on Water.

Keywords.  
altitude :  height above the mean sea level.
ecosystem : interdependency or inter - relationship of biological elements of the environment on their physical environment.  
deforestation : cutting down of large number of trees in an area or clearing of the forest cover drip irrigation : it is a form of irrigation in which water drips in small quantity on roots of the plants.
glacier :  moving, mass of ice like a river precipitation  process in which water vapors fall on the ground in the form of rain, snow, hailand sleet.  Sprinider method: an irrigation technique of spraying water on the plants like rain 
topography : physical features, relief or landforms like mountains, plateaus, plains, etc.  
water harvesting :  storing the rainwater through various methods.  
water table :  the level below which the ground is completely saturated with water. 
weathering : process of disintegration of rocks into smaller pleces till it gets converted into soil.

Something To Know 
A. Tick  the correct option, 
1.  Which type of erosion leads to desertification?  
(a) soil erosion 
(b) wind erosion 
(c) water erosion 
(d) wave erosion 
2.Which one of the following is suitable for restoring soil fertility?  
(a) terrace farming 
(b) contour ploughing 
(c) shifting agriculture along the hill 
(d) rotation of crops slopes 
Q.3. Which of the following is not in favor of multipurpose river valley projects?  
(a) control floods 
(b) generate hydroelectricity 
(c) forge scale displacement of people 
(d) provide water for irrigation 
Q.4. Maintenance of lakes and ponds is essential for 
(a) increasing surface water runoff 
(b) increasing water table 
(c) increasing soil fertility  
(d) recycling of water 
Q.5 Which factor is more responsible for the quick formation of soil in Rajasthan? 
(a) soluble rocks 
(b) vegetation cover 
(c) extreme difference in day and night 
(d) rainfall temperature 

B. Fill in the blanks  .
1 Earth's surface is divided into water - and land  zones 
2 To maintain ecological balance, 32% of the land should be under forest 
3. Planting of troos is commonly known as _
4. The main source of fresh water is rainfall. 
5  planet due to the presence of water on it 1lterende

C. Write a technical term or an appropriate word for each of the following statements, 
1. It is formed by decomposed parts of plants and animal. Humus 
2. The original rock from which the soil is formed. Parent Rock. 
3. It is formed as a result of long continued weathering process of rocks. Soil. 
4. A project which serves various purposes at the same time. Multipurpose River Valley. 
5. The process in which the top layer of the soil is removed by the natural and human activities. Soil Erosion. 

D. Answer the following questions in brief.  
1. Why is soll considered an important resource?  Give any three reasons, 
2. Highlight any three causes of soil erosion.  
3. Explain hydrological cycle with the help of a diagram.  
4. How does river water get polluted?  Explain.  
5. Identify any three ecological problems caused by building large dams, 

E. Answer the following questions. 
1.  Explain any five factors responsible for the formation of soil, 
2.  What is meant by land use pattern?  Why is it important to study the land use pattern?  List the influencing the utilisation of land. 
3. What are Multipurpose River Valley Projects?  Name any two such projects.  List the main objectives of a multipurpose river valley project.  
4. Suggest any five steps to conserve soil.  
5. Suggest any five methods for the conservation of water.  

Value Based Question 
Ganga - A Living Entity 
The Honourable High Court of Uttrakhand has given 'living entity' status to River Ganga.  It mes onwards Ganga has to be treated as a living person with all related rights, duties of a In order to conserve Ganga river system.
Inspite of initiatives by various governmental and non governmental agencies, Ganga and its tributaries are still abused by the people.  The river is polluted and domestic, agricultural, and industrial effluents.This river system is a lifeline of northern India.That is why the health has to be restored for the benefit of people. 
1.Why has River Ganga been called the lifeline of the people. 
2.Suggest any  three immediate steps to restore the health of River Ganga -A living Entity. 

Map skill 
On an outline political map of the world, show the following  multipurpose river valley project (a) Aswan dam in Egypt.
(b) Hoover dam in USA 
(c) Damodar River Valley Project in India 
(d) Mirakud dam in India 

Something To Do 
1.Collect information about some Multipurpose River Valley Projects of India and then complete the following table 
Name of the Project 
River 
Beneficiary states 
2. Find out the causes of water pollution in the River Yamuna or a river of your state.

Chapter 3

Something To Know A. Tick the correct option.  1. Which term is used for the plant community which grows without human interference?  (b) natural vegetation (a) plantation (c) agriculture (d) gardening 2. Which vegetation grows in hot and humid regions of the world?  (a) Tropical Evergreen Forests (b) Tropical Deciduous Forests (c) Mediterranean Forests (d) Temperate Softwood Forests 3.  The most common trees of Tropical Deciduous Forests are (a) ebony and mahogany (by sal and teak (c) cork and olive (d) oak and chestnut 4. Trees of Mediterranean Forests are (a) broad leaves (b) needle shaped  leaves (c) spiny and waxy leaves (d) small size leaves 5 The area under forests is depleting due to (a) natural calamity (b) human interference (c) climatic change (d) water shortage B. Fill in the blanks.  1 2 wady of the soil. The assemblage of plant species in an environment is known as nalural vegelotion vand sunlight are two important factors for the plant growth. 3. Humus helps to maintain fasetlity hardwood trees have broad leaves to permition of surplus moisture. Teak  is the commercially important tree of the pasiduous forests, 4. 5. (28) 3472

C Wir fecull term of a propriate word for each of the following territs The toreas which do not owo will thank lewenis at the same titra.  2. m this fort, summen we dey and modesta vain falle im wieder 3 con chapad troos me common in these foreste the motor process of creating new forests tw luiting saplings, 6. The temperate Schwed bonests found in the Unithorn slopes of Himatnya.  0 Anwer the following questions in tried, 1 Wiw we the Tropical Rainforests known as evergreen forenc?  2 Why do the Tropical Deciduou foreus shed their leaves during the summer nuant Naane two such 8 Wine any three characteristic features of the trees found in the Mediterranean fenests A Distinguish between a national park and a wildlife Sanctuary 5. Sest mw the important measures for the  protection of forests.  1 Answer the following questions, 1. What is meant by natural vegetation?  How do temperature and rainfall affect its distribution?  Explain With Examples 2 Highlight any five points of distinction between Tropical Deciduous Forests and Coniferous Forests.  3 Forests are essential for carrying an ecological balance justify the statement with suitable arguments * Explain the importance of wildlife, 5. How are human beings responsible for the depletion of vegetation and wildlife?  Value Based Ouestion Chipko Movement The Chipre Movement was based on the Gandhian philosophy of novense and aimed at the protection and conservation of forests from destruction.  This aptation Inspired the women.  Thay huwend the trees and said of the trees were to be cut, they would have to first kill the worven embracing them

Women were the worst affected by this deforestation as it was causing water shortage, landslide, shortage of firewood and fodder.  They believed in traditional relationship of forest and humans.  For them it was the right for survival 1 Why is the Chinka Movement called a light for survival?  2. Mention any three lessons which all of us learn from this movement.  Map Skill on an outline political map of the world, mark and name the following (a) Yellowstone National Park in USA (b) Bandhavparh National Park of India (c) Kaziranga National Park of India (d) Ecrins National Park of France (e)  ) Charles Darwin National Park of Australia Something to Do 1 Prepare a tabular chorton National Parks of Indio, giving information under the following columns Name of the National Park Location (State) Bird / Animal which is protected 2 Paste pictures of trees / plants having medicinal  Value in your scrapbook, Which of these plants have you grown in your school or plan to Brow?  3.  Collect some specimen of leaves from the neighborhood and classify them on the basis of their texture, size and broadness.  Paste them in your scrapbook 301

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