X.Chapter 8.Novel Society and History
Chapter 8
Novel, Society and History
Important books & authors
Anandmath – It is about a secret Hindu militia that fights Muslims to establish a Hindu kingdom.
Advaita Malla Burman -Titash Ekti Nadir Naam;an epic about the Mallas, a community of fisherfolk who live off fishing in the river Titash.
Baba Padmaji - Yamuna Paryatan, used a simple style of story-telling to speak about the plight of widows.
Banabhatta - Kadambri, written in Sanskrit in the 17th century.
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay- Durgeshnandini, writing was the basis of his social position and authority.He wrote Anandmath.
Bhudep Mukhopadhyay - Anguriya Biniwoy, the first historical novel written in Bengal
Charlotte Bronte- Jane Eyre; Young Jare is shown as independent and assertive, while girls of her time were expected to be quite and well-behaved.
Devki nandan Khatri - Chandrakanta; a romance with dazzling elements of fantasy. It is believed to have contributed immensely in popularizing the Hindi language and the Nagari script among the educated classes of those times.
Emile Zola - Her Germinial explored in harsh detail the grim conditions of miner’s lives. It ends on a note of despair.
G.A. Henry - He wrote historical adventurynovels for boys.
R.Krishnamurthi - The most popular historical novelist in Tamil wrote about Adventure, heroism and suspense
R.L.Stevension -Treasure Iland, the colonizer appear heroic and ownerable confronting native people and strange surroundings, adapting to native life as well as changing it.
Rabindranath Tagore - Ghara Baira is about the condition of nationalism and women
Thomas Hardey -He wrote about traditional rural communitiesof England that were fast vainishing .
Walter Scoutts - Remembered and collected popular scottish ballads which he used in his historical novels about the wars.
Rudyard Kipling - Jungle Book; full of adventure set in remote places from Europe.
Important terms and condition
Commonality - Sharing of an attribute, common features.
Serialized Novel - A novel whose story is published in a magazine or a journal.
Epic - a long poem narrating adventure or achievements of a heroic figure or a nation.
Nostalgia - Having a feeling of home sickness-sentimental yearning of the past.
Epic - a long poem narrating adventure or achievements of a heroic figure or a nation.
Nostalgia - Having a feeling of home sickness-sentimental yearning of the past.
Novel - Fictitious prose-story published as a complete book.
Manuscript - Author’s copy; document written by hand.
Gentle manly Classes - Class of well-bred people. People of good social position and wealth.
Gentle manly Classes - Class of well-bred people. People of good social position and wealth.
Ballads- A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas.
Epistolary Novels- Novels written in the form of series of letters.
Vernacular- The language spoken by common people.
Inside questions and answers:
Q.1.What is a Novel? (Page 178)
Answer.The novel is a modern form of literature which is born from print,a mechanical invention. Novel began to be written from the seventeenth century, but they really flowered from the eighteenth century. The novel first took firm root.
Answer.The novel is a modern form of literature which is born from print,a mechanical invention. Novel began to be written from the seventeenth century, but they really flowered from the eighteenth century. The novel first took firm root.
Q.2.Where did the novels take firm root in which countries?(Page 178)
Answer : Gentlemanly classes were for those people who claimed
noble birth and high social position.They were supposed to set the
standard and for proper behavior.
Answer : Gentlemanly classes were for those people who claimed
noble birth and high social position.They were supposed to set the
standard and for proper behavior.
Q.3.What is an epistolary? (Page 178)
Answer : Epistolary is a novel which is written in form of serious of
letter. In fact it is a collection of private and personal form of letters to
tell its story. Example – Samuel Richardson’s Pamela
Q.4.Who was Henry Fielding? (Page 178)
Answer : Henry Fielding was novelist of the early eighteenth century
who claimed that he was the founder of a new province of writing.
Q.5.Who Walter Scott? (Page 178)
who claimed that he was the founder of a new province of writing.
Q.5.Who Walter Scott? (Page 178)
Answer:Walter Scott was a novelist who is remember for collecting the popular Scottish ballads which he use in his historical novels about the
bar between Scottish clans.
Q.6. In which countries did the novels take firm root? (Page 178) Answer : Novels began to be written from the seventeenth century in England and France.They real flowered from the eighteenth century.
bar between Scottish clans.
Q.6. In which countries did the novels take firm root? (Page 178) Answer : Novels began to be written from the seventeenth century in England and France.They real flowered from the eighteenth century.
Q.7. Who wrote the Pickwick Papers? (Page 179)
Answer: Pickwick Papers was written by Charles Dickens. The novel
was serialized in a magazine.
Q.8.Why do we read a novel?(Page 179)
Answer We read a novel due to these reasons:-(a)The world create by novels were absorbing believable and seemingly real.
(b)While reading novels, the reader was transported to another person’s world.
(c)Novels allowed individuals the pleasure of reading in private as well as the joy of policy reading and discussing stories wits friends and relatives.
Q.9.When did the libraries come into existence? (Page 179)
Answer : The libraries came into existence around 1740 A.D. In France, publishers realized that they make super profit by the hiring by the hour.
Q.10. Who wrote the Hard Time? (Page 180)
Q.10. Who wrote the Hard Time? (Page 180)
Answer : Charles Dickens wrote the novels Hard Time in 1854 A.D. It describes a fictitious industrial town that narrates the terrible effect of industrialization on people’s lives and characters. The novel sometime described about pollution through smoking chimneys in rivers and over the building.
Q.11.Who were described as hands? (Page 180)
Q.11.Who were described as hands? (Page 180)
Answer : Here the workers were known as “hands” as if they had no identity other than as operators of machines.
Q.12. Who wrote the Oliver Twist? (Page 181)
Q.12. Who wrote the Oliver Twist? (Page 181)
Answer:Charles Dickens wrote the another famous novel Oliver Twist. In 1838 it tale of a poor orphan boy who live in a world of petty criminals. He was brought up in a cruel work house. Finally he was adopted by a wealthy man and lived happily ever after.
Q.13.Who wrote the Emile Zola? (Page 182)
Q.13.Who wrote the Emile Zola? (Page 182)
Answer: Emile Zola wrote the famous Germinal in 1885 it described about young miner in France explores in harsh detailed the grin conditions.It ended with a note of despair.
Q.14.Who was Thomas Hardy and what was his famous book? (Page 182)
Q.14.Who was Thomas Hardy and what was his famous book? (Page 182)
Answer Thomas Hardy was famous British novelist around nineteenth century.Theme – His famous book is Mayor of Casterbridge that was published in 1886. The novel deals about a successful grain merchant, who becomes the mayor of the farming town of Caster Bridge.He is very unpredictably either generous or cruel with his employees.
Q.15.What is meant by Vernacular? (Page 182)
Q.15.What is meant by Vernacular? (Page 182)
Answer Vernacular is a language that is spoken by common people.It is the normal spoken form of a language rather than the formal literacy form.
Q.16. Who was Jean Renoir? (Page 183)
Q.16. Who was Jean Renoir? (Page 183)
Answer : Jean Renoir was a painter of the nineteenth century. In the nineteenth century he portrayed a girl reading a novel in her privacy (1841 to 1919).
Q.17.Who was George Cruikshank? (Page 183)
Answer : George Cruikshank was a painted to who made a painting in which he show the home of a women author.
Q.18. Who was Jane Austen? (184)
Answer Jean Austin was a famous novelist who wrote the famous novel Pride and Prejudice States.
It tells about Prejudice in which single man remain is a position of the possession of a good fortune always became in wants of a wife.
It allows up to see the behavior of the main characters, who are preoccupied with marriage and money.
Q.19. Who was Charlotte Bronte? (Page 184)
Q.17.Who was George Cruikshank? (Page 183)
Answer : George Cruikshank was a painted to who made a painting in which he show the home of a women author.
Q.18. Who was Jane Austen? (184)
Answer Jean Austin was a famous novelist who wrote the famous novel Pride and Prejudice States.
It tells about Prejudice in which single man remain is a position of the possession of a good fortune always became in wants of a wife.
It allows up to see the behavior of the main characters, who are preoccupied with marriage and money.
Q.19. Who was Charlotte Bronte? (Page 184)
Answer She was a novelist who wrote the Jane Eyre that was published in 1847.In this novel there is character namely young Jane is shown as independent assertive. While girls of her time were expected to be quiet and well behaved. Jane at the age of ten protests against the hypocrisy of her elders with startling bluntness to her aunt
Q.20.Who was George Eliot? (Page 185)
Answer George Eliot was the pen name of Marry Ann Evans. She believed that novels gave women a special opportunity to express themselves.
Q.21.What is a fiction? (Page 185)
Answer It is a literary type of writing using invented or imaginative writing instead of real facts usually written as prose.
Q.22.Who was G.A.Henty? (Page 185)
Answer G.A.Henty was a famous novelist who wrote many historical adventure novels that became very popular and his book was under Drake’s flag that was published in 1883.
Q.23.Who wrote the Treasure Island and when was it published?(Page 185)
Answer R.L.Stevenson wrote the Treasure Island which was published in 1883.
Q.24.Who wrote the Jungle Book and when was it published? (Page 185)
Answer Rudyard Kipling wrote the Jungle Book and it was published in 1894.
Q.25.Who was the writer of Ramona? (Page 185)
Answer G.A.Henty was a famous novelist who wrote many historical adventure novels that became very popular and his book was under Drake’s flag that was published in 1883.
Q.23.Who wrote the Treasure Island and when was it published?(Page 185)
Answer R.L.Stevenson wrote the Treasure Island which was published in 1883.
Q.24.Who wrote the Jungle Book and when was it published? (Page 185)
Answer Rudyard Kipling wrote the Jungle Book and it was published in 1894.
Q.25.Who was the writer of Ramona? (Page 185)
Answer Ramona was written by Helen Hunt Jackson. It was about the love stories for adolescent girls that became very popular.
Q.26. Who wrote What Katy Did? (Page 185)
Answer It was written by Sarah Chauncy Woolsey in 1872 whose pen name was Susan Coolidge.
Q.27. Who was the writer of Robinson Crusoe? (Page 186)
Answer Daniel Defoe was the writer of Robinson Crusoe. He wrote the novel in 1719. It is a story about an adventure and slave trader who was left alone in Island. He survived there with a slave namely Friday.
Q.28.Who wrote the novel that showed the darker side of colonial
occupation? (Page 186)
Answer He was the Joseph Conrad wrote novels to 1857 – 1924 that wrote novel that showed the darker side of colonial occupation.
Q.26. Who wrote What Katy Did? (Page 185)
Answer It was written by Sarah Chauncy Woolsey in 1872 whose pen name was Susan Coolidge.
Q.27. Who was the writer of Robinson Crusoe? (Page 186)
Answer Daniel Defoe was the writer of Robinson Crusoe. He wrote the novel in 1719. It is a story about an adventure and slave trader who was left alone in Island. He survived there with a slave namely Friday.
Q.28.Who wrote the novel that showed the darker side of colonial
occupation? (Page 186)
Answer He was the Joseph Conrad wrote novels to 1857 – 1924 that wrote novel that showed the darker side of colonial occupation.
Q.29.Who wrote Kadambri? (Page 187)
Answer Banabhatta wrote the Kadambri in the seventh century in Sanskrit.
Q.30. Who wrote the Panchatantra? (Page 187)
Answer Panchatantra was written by Vishnu Sharma
Q.31. What does the “dastan” mean? (Page 187)
Answer There was also a long tradition of prose tales of adventure and heroism in Persian and Urdu, known as dastan.
Q.32.When was the form of modern novel developed in India?(Page 187)
Answer The form of modern novel developed in India in the nineteenth century.
Q.33. In which language the earliest novels written? (Page 187)
Answer Bengali and Marathi were the vernacular languages in which earliest novels were written.
Answer Banabhatta wrote the Kadambri in the seventh century in Sanskrit.
Q.30. Who wrote the Panchatantra? (Page 187)
Answer Panchatantra was written by Vishnu Sharma
Q.31. What does the “dastan” mean? (Page 187)
Answer There was also a long tradition of prose tales of adventure and heroism in Persian and Urdu, known as dastan.
Q.32.When was the form of modern novel developed in India?(Page 187)
Answer The form of modern novel developed in India in the nineteenth century.
Q.33. In which language the earliest novels written? (Page 187)
Answer Bengali and Marathi were the vernacular languages in which earliest novels were written.
Q.34.Which was the earliest novel in Marathi? (Page 187)
Answer Yamuna Paryatan, 1857 was the earliest novel in Marathi which was written by Baba Padmanji.
Q.35. Who wrote “Manjughosa”? (Page 187)
Answer Naro Sadashiv Risbud wrote the Manjughosa in1868. This novel was filled with amazing events.
Q.36. Which novel followed the Yamuna Paryatan? (Page 187)
Answer Lakshamn Murershwar Halbel’s Muktamala was the novel which followed the Marathi novel Yamuna Paryatan.
Q.37.Which was the first novel in Malayalam? (Page 187)
Answer Indulekha was the first novel in Malayalam written by Chandu Memon (1847-1899).
Q.38.Who started translating Henrietta Temple? (Page 187)
Answer Benjamin Disraeli Henrietta Temple was translated by Chandu Memon.
Q.39.Who was Kandukuri Viresatingam? (Page 188)
Answer Kandukuri Viresatingam was a social reformer and fighter Andhra Pradesh who began translating Oliver Goldsmith’s Vicar of Wakefield into Telgu.
Lastly he abandoned this plan and wrote an original Telgu novel called Rajasekhara Caritamu in 1878.
Q.40.Who was G.W.M. Reyonlds? (Page 188)
Answer G.W.M.Reyonlds was a very famous novelist who wrote Pickwick Abroad in 1839. He was more popular in India than Dickens’s original among Indians.
Q.41. Who was the pioneer of Hindi literature? (Page 188)
Answer Yamuna Paryatan, 1857 was the earliest novel in Marathi which was written by Baba Padmanji.
Q.35. Who wrote “Manjughosa”? (Page 187)
Answer Naro Sadashiv Risbud wrote the Manjughosa in1868. This novel was filled with amazing events.
Q.36. Which novel followed the Yamuna Paryatan? (Page 187)
Answer Lakshamn Murershwar Halbel’s Muktamala was the novel which followed the Marathi novel Yamuna Paryatan.
Q.37.Which was the first novel in Malayalam? (Page 187)
Answer Indulekha was the first novel in Malayalam written by Chandu Memon (1847-1899).
Q.38.Who started translating Henrietta Temple? (Page 187)
Answer Benjamin Disraeli Henrietta Temple was translated by Chandu Memon.
Q.39.Who was Kandukuri Viresatingam? (Page 188)
Answer Kandukuri Viresatingam was a social reformer and fighter Andhra Pradesh who began translating Oliver Goldsmith’s Vicar of Wakefield into Telgu.
Lastly he abandoned this plan and wrote an original Telgu novel called Rajasekhara Caritamu in 1878.
Q.40.Who was G.W.M. Reyonlds? (Page 188)
Answer G.W.M.Reyonlds was a very famous novelist who wrote Pickwick Abroad in 1839. He was more popular in India than Dickens’s original among Indians.
Q.41. Who was the pioneer of Hindi literature? (Page 188)
Answer Bharatendu Harishchandra was thw pioneer of modern Hindi literature.
Q.42.Who wrote the first Hindi novel & when was it published? (Page188)
Answer Srinivas Das wrote the “Pariksha Guru” was the name of that novel. It was published in 1882.
Answer Srinivas Das wrote the “Pariksha Guru” was the name of that novel. It was published in 1882.
Q.43.Who wrote “Chandrakanta”? (Page 189)
Answer Devaki Nandan Khatri was the writer of Chandrakanta.
Answer Devaki Nandan Khatri was the writer of Chandrakanta.
Q.44.Who wrote the Sewasadan? (Page 189)
Answer Premchand wrote the Sewasadan, it deals mainly with the poor condition of women in society. Issues like child marriage and dowry system are woven into the story of the novel. It was published in 1960.
Answer Premchand wrote the Sewasadan, it deals mainly with the poor condition of women in society. Issues like child marriage and dowry system are woven into the story of the novel. It was published in 1960.
Q.45.Who was the writer of Chandrakanta? (Page 189)
Answer Devaki Nandan Khatri was the writer of the best sold book Chandrakanta. It is a novel with a romance with dazzling element of fantasy.
It was the bestselling book in Hindi by a famous novelist Devaki Nandan Khatri.
Q.46.What is meant by Rissa-goi? (Page 189)
Answer The art of storytelling with the poor.
Q.47.Which was the first novel in Assam? (189)
Answer Rajanikanta Bardoloi wrote the first major historical novel in Assam called Manomati in 1900. It is a tale of two lovers belonging to two hostile families who are separated by the war and finally reunited.
Q.48. Which two novels were translated in Assamese? (Page 189)
Answer These two novels were translation of Bengali including Phulmoni and Karuna. The first novels were written by Missionaries.
Q.49.When did the Assamese students formed the Asamya Bhasar Unnatisadhan? (Page 189)
Answer The Asamya Bhasar Unnatisadhan was formed in 1888 that brought out a journal called Janaki.
Q.50.What is meant for Kabirlarai? (Page 190)
Answer Kabirlarai means poetry contests always helps in Calcutta.
Q.51.Who was the great Bengali novelist? (Page 190)
Answer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the famous novelist, writer of Durgeshnandini in 1865.
Q.52.What is Meyeli? (Page 190)
Answer Meyeli was a language associated with women’s speech.
Q.53. What is Jatra? (Page 190)
Answer Jatra is an activity in Bengali culture in which the people gathered for some cultural activities.
Q.54.When was Anand Matth written? (Page 190)
Answer The famous book of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Anand Matth was written in 1882.
It was a novel about a secret Hindu millita that fight Muslim to establish Hindu kingdom.
It was an inspirational novel that inspires many freedom fighters.
Q.55. Who was Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay? (Page 190)
Answer He was a very famous novelist in Bengali literature around 1876-1938. His style was very simple that makes him very popular.
Q.56.Which was the first novel in Oriya? (Page 190)
Answer In 1877 to 1878, Ramashankar Ray, a dramatist, began serializing the first Oriya novel Saudamani. But he could not completed.
Q.57.Who was Mohan Senapati? (190)
Answer Mohan Senapati was an Oriya novelist(1843-1918) who wrote the novel Chaa Mana Atha Guntha that was published in 1902. It is the story of Ramchandra Mangaraj, a land lord’s manager who cheats his ideal and drunken master.
Q.58.Why the novels were written or what were the uses of novels? (191-192)
Answer Colonial administrators found ‘vernacular’ novels a valuable source of information on native life and customs. Such information was useful for them in governing Indian society.
While the Indian novelist wrote the novel to propagate their ideas about society among a wider readership.
Novels also helped in establishing a relationship with the past. These novels helped in creating a sense of national pride among their readers. The novels helped in creating a sense of collective belonging on the basis of one’s language.
Novels made their readers familiar with the way in which people in other parts of their land spoke theie language.
Q.59.When was Kathanjali published? (Page 193)
Answer Kathanjali was Kannada magazine in 1929.
Q.60.Who was Rokeya Hossein? (Page 194)
Answer She was a social reformer but unfortunately she wrote a satiric fantasy in English called Sultana’s Dream that was published in 1905. The novel describe the topsy-turvy world in which women take the place of men.
Q.61.Why novels were famous among the women? (Page 194)
Answer Novels were popular among women because of these reasons
Answer Devaki Nandan Khatri was the writer of the best sold book Chandrakanta. It is a novel with a romance with dazzling element of fantasy.
It was the bestselling book in Hindi by a famous novelist Devaki Nandan Khatri.
Q.46.What is meant by Rissa-goi? (Page 189)
Answer The art of storytelling with the poor.
Q.47.Which was the first novel in Assam? (189)
Answer Rajanikanta Bardoloi wrote the first major historical novel in Assam called Manomati in 1900. It is a tale of two lovers belonging to two hostile families who are separated by the war and finally reunited.
Q.48. Which two novels were translated in Assamese? (Page 189)
Answer These two novels were translation of Bengali including Phulmoni and Karuna. The first novels were written by Missionaries.
Q.49.When did the Assamese students formed the Asamya Bhasar Unnatisadhan? (Page 189)
Answer The Asamya Bhasar Unnatisadhan was formed in 1888 that brought out a journal called Janaki.
Q.50.What is meant for Kabirlarai? (Page 190)
Answer Kabirlarai means poetry contests always helps in Calcutta.
Q.51.Who was the great Bengali novelist? (Page 190)
Answer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was the famous novelist, writer of Durgeshnandini in 1865.
Q.52.What is Meyeli? (Page 190)
Answer Meyeli was a language associated with women’s speech.
Q.53. What is Jatra? (Page 190)
Answer Jatra is an activity in Bengali culture in which the people gathered for some cultural activities.
Q.54.When was Anand Matth written? (Page 190)
Answer The famous book of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Anand Matth was written in 1882.
It was a novel about a secret Hindu millita that fight Muslim to establish Hindu kingdom.
It was an inspirational novel that inspires many freedom fighters.
Q.55. Who was Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay? (Page 190)
Answer He was a very famous novelist in Bengali literature around 1876-1938. His style was very simple that makes him very popular.
Q.56.Which was the first novel in Oriya? (Page 190)
Answer In 1877 to 1878, Ramashankar Ray, a dramatist, began serializing the first Oriya novel Saudamani. But he could not completed.
Q.57.Who was Mohan Senapati? (190)
Answer Mohan Senapati was an Oriya novelist(1843-1918) who wrote the novel Chaa Mana Atha Guntha that was published in 1902. It is the story of Ramchandra Mangaraj, a land lord’s manager who cheats his ideal and drunken master.
Q.58.Why the novels were written or what were the uses of novels? (191-192)
Answer Colonial administrators found ‘vernacular’ novels a valuable source of information on native life and customs. Such information was useful for them in governing Indian society.
While the Indian novelist wrote the novel to propagate their ideas about society among a wider readership.
Novels also helped in establishing a relationship with the past. These novels helped in creating a sense of national pride among their readers. The novels helped in creating a sense of collective belonging on the basis of one’s language.
Novels made their readers familiar with the way in which people in other parts of their land spoke theie language.
Q.59.When was Kathanjali published? (Page 193)
Answer Kathanjali was Kannada magazine in 1929.
Q.60.Who was Rokeya Hossein? (Page 194)
Answer She was a social reformer but unfortunately she wrote a satiric fantasy in English called Sultana’s Dream that was published in 1905. The novel describe the topsy-turvy world in which women take the place of men.
Q.61.Why novels were famous among the women? (Page 194)
Answer Novels were popular among women because of these reasons
(a)Novels allow new conception of womanhood.
(b) Uponsulities to show their own situation.
(c) Love and Passion was passionabily theme Indian Novels. Novels show womanhoods about their rights to choose or refuse their partners and relationship.
(d) Accepted the challenged to change the world for men and women.
Q.62.What is meant by Satire? (Page 194)
Answer A form of representation through writing, drawing, painting, etc. that provides a criticism of society in a manner that is witty and clever.
Q.63. Who was Phulmonior Bibaran? (Page 195)
Answer He was a Christian and famous novelist of book Karuna O Phulmonir Bibaran that was published in 1852.
Q.64.Who was Sailabala Ghosh Jaya? (Page 195)
Answer Sailabala Ghosh Jaya was a famous novelist in Bengal. She could write only her husband protected her.
Q.65.What was the central theme of Indulekha? (Page 195)
Answer Indulekha was a love story best novel that was concerned the marriage practices of upper-caste Hindus in Kerala.
It describes about Nambuthiri Brahmins and Nambuthiri were landlord in Kerala and Nayars were their tenants.
Q.66. Who were Nambuthiri? (Page 195)
Answer Nambuthiri were the major landlords in Kerala. They were Brahmins.
Q.67. Who were Nayar? (Page 195)
Answer Nayar were the tenants of Nambuthiri.
Q.68.Who was Potheri Kunjambu? (Page 195)
Answer Potheri Kunjambu, a ‘lower caste’ writer from north Kerala, who a novel called Sarawativijayam published in 1892 mounting a strong attack on caste oppression.
Q.69.When was Tikash Ekti Nadir Naam published and who was the writer? (Page 196)
Answer Advaita Malla Burman wrote the book Tikash Ekti Nadir Naam. It was published in 1956. It was about a community of fisherfolk who live off fishing in the river Tikash. The novel is about three generations of the Mallas and the story of Ananta, who was such a child born of parents who were tragically separated after their wedding night.
The novels give us message that was the community breaks up and the Mallas cultural influences from the city start penetrating their lives.
(d) Accepted the challenged to change the world for men and women.
Q.62.What is meant by Satire? (Page 194)
Answer A form of representation through writing, drawing, painting, etc. that provides a criticism of society in a manner that is witty and clever.
Q.63. Who was Phulmonior Bibaran? (Page 195)
Answer He was a Christian and famous novelist of book Karuna O Phulmonir Bibaran that was published in 1852.
Q.64.Who was Sailabala Ghosh Jaya? (Page 195)
Answer Sailabala Ghosh Jaya was a famous novelist in Bengal. She could write only her husband protected her.
Q.65.What was the central theme of Indulekha? (Page 195)
Answer Indulekha was a love story best novel that was concerned the marriage practices of upper-caste Hindus in Kerala.
It describes about Nambuthiri Brahmins and Nambuthiri were landlord in Kerala and Nayars were their tenants.
Q.66. Who were Nambuthiri? (Page 195)
Answer Nambuthiri were the major landlords in Kerala. They were Brahmins.
Q.67. Who were Nayar? (Page 195)
Answer Nayar were the tenants of Nambuthiri.
Q.68.Who was Potheri Kunjambu? (Page 195)
Answer Potheri Kunjambu, a ‘lower caste’ writer from north Kerala, who a novel called Sarawativijayam published in 1892 mounting a strong attack on caste oppression.
Q.69.When was Tikash Ekti Nadir Naam published and who was the writer? (Page 196)
Answer Advaita Malla Burman wrote the book Tikash Ekti Nadir Naam. It was published in 1956. It was about a community of fisherfolk who live off fishing in the river Tikash. The novel is about three generations of the Mallas and the story of Ananta, who was such a child born of parents who were tragically separated after their wedding night.
The novels give us message that was the community breaks up and the Mallas cultural influences from the city start penetrating their lives.
Q.70. Who was Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer? (Page 196)
AnswerVaikkom Muhammad Basheer was one of the early Muslim writers to gain wide renown as a novelist in Malayalam.
Basheer had little formal education. Most of his works were based on his own rich personal experience rather than on books from the past. He spent his much time living with Sufis and Hindu Sanyasis and training as a wrestler.
Q.71.Who was Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay and what was his work? (Page 197)
Answer Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay was a novelist during nineteenth century. His famous book Anguriya Binimony was published in 1857. It was the first historical novel written in Bengal. It describe about its hero Shivaji who was engages in many battles against a clever and treacherous Aurangzeb.
Basheer had little formal education. Most of his works were based on his own rich personal experience rather than on books from the past. He spent his much time living with Sufis and Hindu Sanyasis and training as a wrestler.
Q.71.Who was Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay and what was his work? (Page 197)
Answer Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay was a novelist during nineteenth century. His famous book Anguriya Binimony was published in 1857. It was the first historical novel written in Bengal. It describe about its hero Shivaji who was engages in many battles against a clever and treacherous Aurangzeb.
Q.72. Which films were made novels? (Page 197)
Answer Many novels were made into films. The novel Chemmeen written by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai was made into films.
Theme of novel was set in the fishing community in Kerala and Characters speak a variety of Malayalam used by fisherfolk in the region.
Answer Many novels were made into films. The novel Chemmeen written by Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai was made into films.
Theme of novel was set in the fishing community in Kerala and Characters speak a variety of Malayalam used by fisherfolk in the region.
Book Exercise:
Write in Brief
Q.1.Explain the following:
(a) Social changes in Britain which led to an increase in women readers
(b)What actions of Robinson Crusoe make us see him as a typical coloniser.
(c) After 1740, the readership of novels began to include poorer people.
(d) Novelists in colonial India wrote for a political cause
Answer (a)As the middle classes became more affluent, women got more leisure time to read and write novels. Also, novels began to explore the world of women, their emotions, identities, experiences and problems. Domestic life became an essential subject of novels- a field women had an authority to speak about.
Answer (b)Robinson Crusoe's actions that make us see him as a typical coloniser are many. Shipwrecked on an island inhabited by coloured people, Crusoe treats them as inferior beings. He is portrayed as "rescuing" a native and then making him a slave. He gives him the name Friday, without even caring to ask for his name. Colonised people were seen as barbaric and primitive, and colonialism became their self-professed civiliser. Crusoe was a direct representation of this ideology of colonizers.
Answer(c)After 1740, the readership of novels began to include poorer people because of the introduction of circulating libraries, low-priced books, and also because of the system of hiring out of books by the hour. This made books easily available to the poor people, who could not afford books earlier due to high costs and absence of lending libraries.
Answer (d)Novelists in colonial India wrote for a political cause because the novel was a powerful medium for expressing social defects and suggesting remedies for the same. It also helped establish a relationship with the past. Since people from all walks of life could read novels, it was an easy way to popularize anti-colonial ideas. It also helped bring about a sense of national unity among the people.
Q.1.Explain the following:
(a) Social changes in Britain which led to an increase in women readers
(b)What actions of Robinson Crusoe make us see him as a typical coloniser.
(c) After 1740, the readership of novels began to include poorer people.
(d) Novelists in colonial India wrote for a political cause
Answer (a)As the middle classes became more affluent, women got more leisure time to read and write novels. Also, novels began to explore the world of women, their emotions, identities, experiences and problems. Domestic life became an essential subject of novels- a field women had an authority to speak about.
Answer (b)Robinson Crusoe's actions that make us see him as a typical coloniser are many. Shipwrecked on an island inhabited by coloured people, Crusoe treats them as inferior beings. He is portrayed as "rescuing" a native and then making him a slave. He gives him the name Friday, without even caring to ask for his name. Colonised people were seen as barbaric and primitive, and colonialism became their self-professed civiliser. Crusoe was a direct representation of this ideology of colonizers.
Answer(c)After 1740, the readership of novels began to include poorer people because of the introduction of circulating libraries, low-priced books, and also because of the system of hiring out of books by the hour. This made books easily available to the poor people, who could not afford books earlier due to high costs and absence of lending libraries.
Answer (d)Novelists in colonial India wrote for a political cause because the novel was a powerful medium for expressing social defects and suggesting remedies for the same. It also helped establish a relationship with the past. Since people from all walks of life could read novels, it was an easy way to popularize anti-colonial ideas. It also helped bring about a sense of national unity among the people.
Q.2.Outline the changes in technology and society which led to an increase in readers of the novel in eighteenth-century Europe.Answer
Print made novels to be read widely and become popular quickly.
Novels produced a number of common interests and a variety of readers.
Readers were drawn into the story and identified themselves with the lives of fictitious characters. They now could think about issues like love and marriage, proper conduct for men and women.
Prosperity, due to industrialization, made new groups join the readership for novels. Besides the aristocratic and gentlemanly classes, new groups of lower-middle-class people such as shopkeepers and clerks joined in.
The rise in the earnings of authors freed them the from the patronage of aristocrats. They could now experiment with different literary styles. Epistolary novel – Samuel Richardson’s Pamela – written in the 18th century was the first of its kind. It was a story told through letters.
Books became cheap and even the poor could buy them. Circulating libraries made books easily accessible. Publishers also started hiring out novels. Books could now be read in private or could be heard by more people, while one of them read it out.
Magazines serialized stories (Charles Dickens’ Pickwick Papers was the first), illustrated them and sold them cheap.
All these changes increased the number of readers.
Q.3.Write a note on:
(a) The Oriya novel
(b) Jane Austen's portrayal of women
(c) The picture of the new middle class which the novel Pariksha-Guru portrays.
Answer(a) In 1877-78, Ramashankar Ray started to serialize the first Oriya novel, "Saudamini"; but it remained incomplete. Orissa's first major novelist was Fakir MohonSenapati. He wrote "Chaa Mana AthaGuntha" that deals with land and its possession. This novel illustrated that rural issues could be an important part of urban concerns.
(b) The novels of Jane Austen give us a glimpse of the world of women in genteel rural society in mid nineteenth century Britain. Women, at that time, were encouraged to look for a good marriage and find a wealthy and propertied husband. Her famous novel 'Pride and Prejudice' depicts this well. It writes 'it is the truth, universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of good fortune must be in want of a good wife'. The main characters are shown to be pre-occupied with marriage and money.
(c)The novel "Pariksha-Guru" portrays the difficulties of the new middle class in adapting to colonised society while preserving its cultural identity. It emphasises that Western ideals must be inculcated, but without sacrificing the traditional values of middle-class households. The characters in this Hindi novel by Srinivas Das are seen endeavoring to bridge the two different worlds of modern education and traditional ethics.
Discuss
Q.1.Discuss some of the social changes in nineteenth-century Britain which Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens wrote about.
Answer Social changes in 19th century Britain highlighted by Thomas Hardy The breaking up of rural communities because of industrialization. Due to industrialization, peasants who toiled with their lands were disappearing as large or big farmers enclosed lands, bought machines and employed labourers to produce for the market.
Print made novels to be read widely and become popular quickly.
Novels produced a number of common interests and a variety of readers.
Readers were drawn into the story and identified themselves with the lives of fictitious characters. They now could think about issues like love and marriage, proper conduct for men and women.
Prosperity, due to industrialization, made new groups join the readership for novels. Besides the aristocratic and gentlemanly classes, new groups of lower-middle-class people such as shopkeepers and clerks joined in.
The rise in the earnings of authors freed them the from the patronage of aristocrats. They could now experiment with different literary styles. Epistolary novel – Samuel Richardson’s Pamela – written in the 18th century was the first of its kind. It was a story told through letters.
Books became cheap and even the poor could buy them. Circulating libraries made books easily accessible. Publishers also started hiring out novels. Books could now be read in private or could be heard by more people, while one of them read it out.
Magazines serialized stories (Charles Dickens’ Pickwick Papers was the first), illustrated them and sold them cheap.
All these changes increased the number of readers.
Q.3.Write a note on:
(a) The Oriya novel
(b) Jane Austen's portrayal of women
(c) The picture of the new middle class which the novel Pariksha-Guru portrays.
Answer(a) In 1877-78, Ramashankar Ray started to serialize the first Oriya novel, "Saudamini"; but it remained incomplete. Orissa's first major novelist was Fakir MohonSenapati. He wrote "Chaa Mana AthaGuntha" that deals with land and its possession. This novel illustrated that rural issues could be an important part of urban concerns.
(b) The novels of Jane Austen give us a glimpse of the world of women in genteel rural society in mid nineteenth century Britain. Women, at that time, were encouraged to look for a good marriage and find a wealthy and propertied husband. Her famous novel 'Pride and Prejudice' depicts this well. It writes 'it is the truth, universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of good fortune must be in want of a good wife'. The main characters are shown to be pre-occupied with marriage and money.
(c)The novel "Pariksha-Guru" portrays the difficulties of the new middle class in adapting to colonised society while preserving its cultural identity. It emphasises that Western ideals must be inculcated, but without sacrificing the traditional values of middle-class households. The characters in this Hindi novel by Srinivas Das are seen endeavoring to bridge the two different worlds of modern education and traditional ethics.
Discuss
Q.1.Discuss some of the social changes in nineteenth-century Britain which Thomas Hardy and Charles Dickens wrote about.
Answer Social changes in 19th century Britain highlighted by Thomas Hardy The breaking up of rural communities because of industrialization. Due to industrialization, peasants who toiled with their lands were disappearing as large or big farmers enclosed lands, bought machines and employed labourers to produce for the market.
In his novel ‘Mayor of Casterbridge’, Hardy mourns the loss of the more personalized world which is being replaced by a more efficiently managed urban culture.
Social Changes Highlighted by Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens wrote mainly about the emergence of the industrial age and its effects on society and the common people.
Growth of factories and expanded cities led to the growth of business and economy and increased the profits of capitalists.
At the same time workers faced immense problems. Use of machines resulted in unemployment of ordinary labour; they became homeless, creating a problem of housing. Pursuit of profit became the goal of factory owners while the workers were undervalued and almost lost their identity Human beings were reduced to being mere instruments of production.
Q.2. Summarise the concern in both nineteenth-century Europe and India about women reading novels. What does this suggest about how women were viewed?
Answer The concern in both nineteenth-century Europe and India about women reading novels bore more or less similar fears. Women were seen as easily corruptible and an imaginary world that the novel provided was seen as a dangerous opening for the imaginations of its readers. In certain Indian communities, it was felt that women who read novels would leave their domestic environments and aspire to be part of the outside world- the male domain.
This suggests that women were viewed as delicate and incapable of being independent. They were merely expected to marry a man who could take care of their financial needs while they maintained his household and remained subservient to him.
Q.2. Summarise the concern in both nineteenth-century Europe and India about women reading novels. What does this suggest about how women were viewed?
Answer The concern in both nineteenth-century Europe and India about women reading novels bore more or less similar fears. Women were seen as easily corruptible and an imaginary world that the novel provided was seen as a dangerous opening for the imaginations of its readers. In certain Indian communities, it was felt that women who read novels would leave their domestic environments and aspire to be part of the outside world- the male domain.
This suggests that women were viewed as delicate and incapable of being independent. They were merely expected to marry a man who could take care of their financial needs while they maintained his household and remained subservient to him.
Q.3.In what ways was the novel in colonial India useful for both the colonisers as well as the nationalists?
Answer The novel in colonial India was useful for both the colonisers as well as the nationalists on account of a variety of reasons. Colonial rulers found "vernacular" novels illuminating for the information they provided on native customs and life. It was useful in the governance of this diverse country. Indian nationalists used the form of the novel to criticise colonial rule and instill a sense of national pride and unity amongst the people.
Q.4.Describe how the issue of caste was included in novels in India. By referring to any two novels, discuss the ways in which they tried to make readers think about existing social issues.
Answer Indians used the novel as a powerful medium to criticise what they considered defects in their society and to suggest remedies. The issue of caste was included in Indian novels for this same purpose. Novels like Indirabai and Indulekha were written by members of the upper castes with upper-caste characters.
Answer Indians used the novel as a powerful medium to criticise what they considered defects in their society and to suggest remedies. The issue of caste was included in Indian novels for this same purpose. Novels like Indirabai and Indulekha were written by members of the upper castes with upper-caste characters.
PotheriKunjambu, a lower-caste writer from north Kerala, wrote a novel called Saraswativijayam in 1892. It was a direct attack on caste oppression. The novel’s hero, an ‘untouchable’ leaves his village to escape from cruelty of a Brahmin overlord. He converts to Christianity, receives modern education and returns to his village a judge of a local court. In the meantime, the villagers bring the landlord to his court, they believe the landlord’s men had killed the hero. The judge reveals himself and the Nambuthri landlord repents and promises to reform. The novel emphasises the role of education in uplifting the lower classes.
In 1920, a Bengali novel TitashEkti Nadir Naam (1956) written by AdvaitaMalla Burman takes up the cause of ‘low castes’. The people described are the Mallas - community of fishermen. The story covers three generations and describes the oppression of the upper castes. The life of the Mallas is tied with river Titus. As the river dries, the community dies too. This novel is special because the author himself a ‘low caste’ describing the anguish of low-caste people.
In 1920, a Bengali novel TitashEkti Nadir Naam (1956) written by AdvaitaMalla Burman takes up the cause of ‘low castes’. The people described are the Mallas - community of fishermen. The story covers three generations and describes the oppression of the upper castes. The life of the Mallas is tied with river Titus. As the river dries, the community dies too. This novel is special because the author himself a ‘low caste’ describing the anguish of low-caste people.
Q.5.Describe the ways in which the novel in India attempted to create a sense of pan-Indian belonging.
Answer The ways in which the novel in India attempted to create a sense of pan-Indian belonging were:
Answer The ways in which the novel in India attempted to create a sense of pan-Indian belonging were:
Many historical novels were about Marathas and the Rajputs which produced a sense of a pan—Indian belonging in Bengal. They imagined the nation to be full of adventure, heroism, romance and sacrifice. The novel allowed the colonized to give a shape to their desires.
Bankim’s Anandmath is a novel about a secret Hindu militia that fights Muslims to establish a Hindu kingdom. It was a novel that inspired many kinds of freedom fighters.
Shivaji, the hero of the novel Anguriya Binimoy (1857) written by Budhadeb Mukhopadhyaya’s (1827-94) engages in many battles against clever and treacherous Aurangzeb, what gives him courage and grit is his belief that he is a nationalist fighting for the freedom of Hindus.
Shivaji, the hero of the novel Anguriya Binimoy (1857) written by Budhadeb Mukhopadhyaya’s (1827-94) engages in many battles against clever and treacherous Aurangzeb, what gives him courage and grit is his belief that he is a nationalist fighting for the freedom of Hindus.
Imagining a heroic past was one way in which the novel helped in popularising the sense of belonging to a common nation. It was another way to include various classes in the novel so that they could be seen as belonging to a shared world. Premchand’s novels, for instance, are filled with all kinds of powerful characters drawn from all levels of society.
Project - Imagine that you are a historian in 3035 AD.You have just located two novels which were written in the 20th century .What do they tell about society and custom of the time.
Project - Imagine that you are a historian in 3035 AD.You have just located two novels which were written in the 20th century .What do they tell about society and custom of the time.
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Additional Questions:
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Q.1.Who wrote the novel 'Oliver Twist’?
Answer Charles Dickens wrote the novel ‘Oliver Twist’.
Q.2. Who wrote 'Pickwick Paper', the first serialized novel?
Answer Charles Dickens wrote ‘Pickwick Paper’, the first serialized
Q.3.Which book was written with adolescent girl in mind?Answer Ramona was written with adolescent girl in mind.
Q.4. Who is the author of the 'Jungle Book'?
Answer Rudyard Kipling is the author of ‘Jungle Book’.
Answer Charles Dickens wrote the novel ‘Oliver Twist’.
Q.2. Who wrote 'Pickwick Paper', the first serialized novel?
Answer Charles Dickens wrote ‘Pickwick Paper’, the first serialized
Q.3.Which book was written with adolescent girl in mind?Answer Ramona was written with adolescent girl in mind.
Q.4. Who is the author of the 'Jungle Book'?
Answer Rudyard Kipling is the author of ‘Jungle Book’.
Q.5. Who published the 'Tom Jones' in six volumes?
Answer Henry Fielding published the ‘Tom Jones’ in six volumes.
Q.6. Which country was the first where novel took firm root?
Answer England and France was the first country where novel took firm root.
Q.7. The hero of which novel finds himself shipwrecked on an island, rescues a native, marks him a slave and gives him the name Friday?
Answer The hero of Robinson Crusoe finds himself shipwrecked on an island, rescues a native, marks him a slave and gives him the name Friday.
Q.8. Who is the author of the novel 'Mayor of Casterbridge'?
Answer Thomas Hardy is the author of the novel ‘Mayor of casterbridge’.
Q.9. Which book by Charles Dickens has the tale of a poor orphan who lived in a world of petty criminals and beggars?
Answer Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens has the tale of a poor orphan who lived in a world of petty criminals and beggars.
Answer Henry Fielding published the ‘Tom Jones’ in six volumes.
Q.6. Which country was the first where novel took firm root?
Answer England and France was the first country where novel took firm root.
Q.7. The hero of which novel finds himself shipwrecked on an island, rescues a native, marks him a slave and gives him the name Friday?
Answer The hero of Robinson Crusoe finds himself shipwrecked on an island, rescues a native, marks him a slave and gives him the name Friday.
Q.8. Who is the author of the novel 'Mayor of Casterbridge'?
Answer Thomas Hardy is the author of the novel ‘Mayor of casterbridge’.
Q.9. Which book by Charles Dickens has the tale of a poor orphan who lived in a world of petty criminals and beggars?
Answer Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens has the tale of a poor orphan who lived in a world of petty criminals and beggars.
Short Answer Type Questions
Q.1.How does Daniel Defoe's 'Robinson Crusoe' justify colonialism? Explain. Or
Describe the role of early novel with the help of an example that they promoted colonialism in Europe.Or
How did the novel written in the 18th century glorify colonization?
Describe the role of early novel with the help of an example that they promoted colonialism in Europe.Or
How did the novel written in the 18th century glorify colonization?
Answer(a) Writing of novel and colonizing the world started simultaneously in Europe
(b)These novels glorified colonialism For example the hero of Daniel Defoe' Robinson Crusoe is an adventurer and slave trader. Shipwrecked on an island, he treats the coloured people as inferior. He rescues a native and renames him as 'Friday' and tries to change him culturally. His behavior was not seen as unacceptable.
(c)Most of the writers and readers believed that the colonized people were primitive and barbaric and the colonial rule was essential to civilize them.
Q.2. On which issue and what did Charles Dickens wrote in his novel 'Hard Times'? Describe. Or
Explain any three aspects highlighted by Charles Dickens in his novel 'Hard Times'.
Answer (a) Europe in the industrial age
(b) Terrible effects of industrialization on the lives of people.
(c) Terrible conditions under industrial capitalism.
Q.3. “The novel bring together many cultures" justify the statement.
Or"The novel brings together many cultures"support the statement with suitable people.
Answer (a)By coming closer to different spoken languages of the people, the novel produces the sense of a shared world between diverse people in a nation.
(b) Novel may combine classical languages and languages of the streets and make them all a part of vernaculars.
(b)These novels glorified colonialism For example the hero of Daniel Defoe' Robinson Crusoe is an adventurer and slave trader. Shipwrecked on an island, he treats the coloured people as inferior. He rescues a native and renames him as 'Friday' and tries to change him culturally. His behavior was not seen as unacceptable.
(c)Most of the writers and readers believed that the colonized people were primitive and barbaric and the colonial rule was essential to civilize them.
Q.2. On which issue and what did Charles Dickens wrote in his novel 'Hard Times'? Describe. Or
Explain any three aspects highlighted by Charles Dickens in his novel 'Hard Times'.
Answer (a) Europe in the industrial age
(b) Terrible effects of industrialization on the lives of people.
(c) Terrible conditions under industrial capitalism.
Q.3. “The novel bring together many cultures" justify the statement.
Or"The novel brings together many cultures"support the statement with suitable people.
Answer (a)By coming closer to different spoken languages of the people, the novel produces the sense of a shared world between diverse people in a nation.
(b) Novel may combine classical languages and languages of the streets and make them all a part of vernaculars.
Q.4.How did serialization of novel increased the popularity of novel and magazines?
Answer(a)In 1836, Charles Dicken's Pickwick Paper was serialized in a magazine.
(b)Magazines were attractive and cheaper since they were illustrated.
(c)Serialization of novels allowed the readers to enjoy suspense and discuss the characters for weeks in the anticipation of next plot of the story.
(d)Serialization of novel not only increased the circulation of the magazines but also made novels more popular.
Q.5. What did G.A Henry write about in his novels which attracted the young?
Answer (a)G.A. Henry's historical adventure novels for boys were widely popular during the height of British Empire.
(b)They created excitement and adventure of conquering strange lands. His stories were set in Mexico, Alexandria, and Siberia
(c) His novels were always about young boy who witnessed grand historical events.
Q.6.How did Jane Austen portray the women of the 19th century in his novel?
Answer (a) Jane Austen's novel gives us a glimpse of the world of women in rural society in the early nineteenth century.
Answer(a)In 1836, Charles Dicken's Pickwick Paper was serialized in a magazine.
(b)Magazines were attractive and cheaper since they were illustrated.
(c)Serialization of novels allowed the readers to enjoy suspense and discuss the characters for weeks in the anticipation of next plot of the story.
(d)Serialization of novel not only increased the circulation of the magazines but also made novels more popular.
Q.5. What did G.A Henry write about in his novels which attracted the young?
Answer (a)G.A. Henry's historical adventure novels for boys were widely popular during the height of British Empire.
(b)They created excitement and adventure of conquering strange lands. His stories were set in Mexico, Alexandria, and Siberia
(c) His novels were always about young boy who witnessed grand historical events.
Q.6.How did Jane Austen portray the women of the 19th century in his novel?
Answer (a) Jane Austen's novel gives us a glimpse of the world of women in rural society in the early nineteenth century.
(b)Her novel makes us think about a society which encouraged women to look for good marriages and wealthy or propertied husbands.
(c)In the novel 'Pride and Prejudice', Jane Austen portrays the female characters as pre-occupied with marriage and money and states 'a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife'.
Q.7.Differentiate between the novel written by Charlotte Bronte and the novel written by Jane Austen?
Answer Jane Austen: Her novel give us a glimpse of the women's world in refined rural society in the early 19th century Britain. It portrays a society which encourages women to look for a wealthy husband. Characters of her novel 'Pride and Prejudice' are preoccupied with marriage and money.
Q.8.Why did novels become popular?
Answer Novels were popular because these printed materials were cheaper than earlier manuscripts and were widely circulated among people.
Answer Jane Austen: Her novel give us a glimpse of the women's world in refined rural society in the early 19th century Britain. It portrays a society which encourages women to look for a wealthy husband. Characters of her novel 'Pride and Prejudice' are preoccupied with marriage and money.
Q.8.Why did novels become popular?
Answer Novels were popular because these printed materials were cheaper than earlier manuscripts and were widely circulated among people.
The readers were drawn into the story and identified with the lives of fictitious character and shared the emotions and experiences of the character as their own. The readers enjoyed the pleasure of reading.
Q.9.In seventeenth century which sections of the society were generally attracted to novels?
Answer The traditional aristocratic gentleman class in England and France.New groups of lower middle class people such as shopkeepers,clerks, small traders,etc.
Q.10.Why did Samuel Richardson’s ‘Pamela’ thrill the villagers? What did they do?
Answer A group at Slough in England was very pleased to hear that ‘Pamela’, the heroine of Samuel Richardson’s popular novel, had got married in their village. Though Pamela was justa character of the novel, the people rushed to the Parish Church and begun to ring the church bell identifying themselves with village wedding.
Pamela is also special because it is an epistolary novel.
Q.11.Examine the theme of Charles Dickens novels ‘Hard Times’.
Q.11.Examine the theme of Charles Dickens novels ‘Hard Times’.
Answer The theme of Charles Dickens ‘Hard Times’ revolves around the terrible effects of industrialization on people life.
It describes Coke Town, a fictitious industrial town, as a grim place full of machinery and smoking chimney where workers are known as ‘hands’ without a name. Dickens criticizes the system which turned the human being into mere instruments of production.
Q.12.Who was Munsi Premchand? Mention two of his great works?
Answer Munsi Premchand is one of the greatest novelists of modern India. Two well known novels written by Munshi Premchand are RangbhoomiandGodan.
Q.13. Name the first Bengali Historical novel. By whom was it written?
Q.13. Name the first Bengali Historical novel. By whom was it written?
Answer ‘Anguriya Binimony’written by Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay.
Q.14.How did industrialism affect the writings of novels? Explain with examples.
Answer Many Indian novelists wrote with a political cause. Under colonial rule, the novelists began writing novels to arouse national feeling against colonial rule.They were aware that the colonial rulers treated Indians as backward and primitive. Indian culture was looked down up.
Answer Many Indian novelists wrote with a political cause. Under colonial rule, the novelists began writing novels to arouse national feeling against colonial rule.They were aware that the colonial rulers treated Indians as backward and primitive. Indian culture was looked down up.
Q.15.What is meant by Epistolary novel? Give the example of an Epistolary novel?
Answer Epistolary novel is a type of novel in which the story is narrated with the help of a series of private and personal letters. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela is an example of epistolary novel which tells its story by exchange of letters between two lovers.
Q.16.Examine the contributions of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in the field of literature.
Answer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was one of the earliest and greatest novelists of Bengal. His first novel Durgeshnandini proved that writing novel had reached an excellence under Bankim. Another of his great works ‘Anandmath’had a great impact on the mind of the Bengalis as well as on Indians as it inspired the people with nationalism.
Answer Epistolary novel is a type of novel in which the story is narrated with the help of a series of private and personal letters. Samuel Richardson’s Pamela is an example of epistolary novel which tells its story by exchange of letters between two lovers.
Q.16.Examine the contributions of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in the field of literature.
Answer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was one of the earliest and greatest novelists of Bengal. His first novel Durgeshnandini proved that writing novel had reached an excellence under Bankim. Another of his great works ‘Anandmath’had a great impact on the mind of the Bengalis as well as on Indians as it inspired the people with nationalism.
Besides writing other social novels, Bankim encouraged various literary activities. Often he would host a “Jatra’’ or open air theatre in his courtyard where family members would be gathered. In his room a group of literary friends regularly gathered to read, discuss and judge literary works. The prose style Introduced by Bankim became a new object of enjoyment.
Q.17.Examine the role and involvement of women in the readership and authorship of novels in India.
Answer Women did not remain mere readers of books written by men, soon they themselves began to write novels. The early creations of women were poems, essays or autobiographical pieces. In early decades of 20th century women in South India began to write novels and write novels.
A reason for the popularity of novel among women was that it allowed for a new conception of womanhood. Stories of love showed women who could choose or refuse their partners and relationships. Some women authors wrote about women who changed the world of both men and women. Rokeya Hossein’s novel Padmarag showed that women should reform their own condition.
Q.18.Why is‘’Titash Ekti Nadir Naam”considered a special novel?
Q.18.Why is‘’Titash Ekti Nadir Naam”considered a special novel?
Answer “Titash Ekti Nadir Naam”written by Advaita Malla Burman. In many ways this book is special. This novel depicts the life of the Mallas, a community of the fisherman, who live off fishing in a river called “Titash”.The novel is about three generations of the Mallas, about the recurring tragedies and the story of Ananta, achild born of parents.
DAV PUBLIC SCHOOLS
Xth S.St Syllabus
SESSION 2020 – 2021
Raman’s Classes
Social Studies
Course Structure
Time : 3 Hours. Marks:
80
Unit Term1 Term 2
1.India and the Contemporary World -II (History) 20. 20
2.Contemporary India -II.(Geography) 20. 20
3.Democratic Politics -II.(Civics) 20. 20
4.Economics.(Economics) 20. 20
5.Disaster Management
only through project work and assignment
Total. 80. 80
History
India and the Contemporary World -II
In Section 1.students
are required to choose any two themes.In that theme 3 is compulsory and for
second theme students are required to choose any one from two themes.
In Section 2.and 3
students are required to choose any one theme from each. Thus all students are
required to study four themes in all.
Pre Mid Term/Quarterly
(April to July)
Section -I: Events and Process
(Any one of the
following)
Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Or
Chapter 2 The Nationalist Movement in China
Section-III: Everyday Life, Culture and Policies
(Any one of the
following)
Chapter 7. Print Culture and the Modern World (up to "India and
the World of Print")
Chapter 8. Novels, Society and History
Mid Term (July to September)
Section- I: Events and Process
Chapter 3 Nationalism in India (Compulsory Chapter,
Map work from Chapter 3)
Post Mid Term (October to December)
Section- II: Livelihoods, Economics and
Societies
(Anyone of the following)
Chapter 4. Making of a Global World
Chapter 5. The Age of Industrialization
Chapter 6. Work, Life &
Litetaure
Annual Exam (January
& February)
Note:- Revision of entire
syllabus of Pre Mid term,Mid Term & Post Mid Term
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