8.Chapter 12.History.Impact of British Rule on India.

Chapter 12.History.Text Book Questions/Answers
Impact of British Rule.
Something To Know. 

A .Tick () the correct option.
1.The main objective of the East India Company was 
(a) to provide education 
(b) to civilize the Indian people 
(c) to earn profit 
(d) to develop India 
2.Who initiated the Wardha Education Scheme in 1937?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi   
(b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy 
(c) Dr.  B. R. Ambedkar
(d) Swami Vivekanand 
3.The reformer who fought against the Brahmin dominance and discrimination against the lower castes was 
(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy 
(b) Shri Narayana Guru 
(c) Jyotiba Phule 
(d) E.V. Ramaswamy 
4. Arya Samaj was established by 
(a) Dayanand Saraswati 
(b) Vivekananda 
(c) Periyar Ramaswamy 
(d) Jyotiba Phule 
5. Who is known as the Architect of Indian Constitution?  
(a) Mahatma Gandhi 
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru 
(c) Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 
(d) Dr.  B. R. Ambedkar 

B. Fill in the blanks.  
1.A number of pathshalas and maktabs provided elementary education 
2.Charter Act of 1813 sanctioned one lakh rupees for education in India.  
3.Wood's Dispatch of 1854 gave a plan for a separate department of education.  
4.Swami Dayanand wanted to eradicate the social evils from Indian Society.  
5.The printing  press played a pivotal role in mobiising public opinion.

C.Write True or False for the following statements.  
1 Orientalists favored English as a medium of instruction. False. 
2.Child marriage was banned in India in 1891.True.   
3.Sati was an inhuman practice.True.  
4.Kochi and Travancore denied governmental positions to lower castes. True 
5.Gandhi considered untouchables as Harijans - people of God.  True   

D.Q.1.What were the proposals of Wood’s Dispatch of 1854?

Answer-This dispatch was passed by Charles Wood in 1854.

a.The proposals gave a detailed plan for a separate department of education. 

b.Universities were set up at the presidency towns of Bombay,Calcutta and Madras. 

c.Institution for training the teachers were also set up and assistance was given to vernacular schools.
d.Hunter Education Commission ' was appointed to look into the non- implementation of Wood's Dispatch,and further position of primary education and vocational training in secondary education. 

Q.2.Highlight any three social evils of Indian society related to women.

Answer - Any three of the social evils of Indian society related to women were as follows.

(a) Sati System was an inhuman practice when widows were burnt alive on the burning pyre of their dead husbands.

(b) Child Marriage They were married at very early age.

(c) Female Infanticide was in a common practice of the Indian society when infants girls were killed with their birth.  

Q.3.What were the main contributions of Swami Dayanand?

Answer- a.Swami Dayanand established the Arya Samaj at Bombay in 1875 and later at Lahore. 
b.He also started the Shuddhi Movement to reconvert Hindus who had been converted to other religions.

c.He opposed idol worship,child-marriage and caste system.He was a great supporter of widow remarriage and women’s education.
d.He said to study the Vedas had all essence of all scriptures.He built a strong India.
e. He opposed the prevailing caste system and the superiority of the brahmins in the society and opposed the practice of untouchability.
Q.4.Diffrenciate between Anglicists and Orientalists.
The British decided to take steps in the field of education in India.But a controversy arose between the Orientalists and the Anglicists regarding medium of education. 
The Orientlists favoured the' traditional system with Sanskrit and Persian as the medium of instruction.On the other hand Indians were in support of vernacular languages i.e.Sanskrit,Hindi,Urdu 
while the Anglicists lavoured English as medium of instruction.
Lord Macaulay supported the Anglicists as the British wanted a class of Indians who would act as a between the rulers and ruled, and  provide cheap manpower for the British ruling.
Q.5.Evaluate the efforts made by Indian leaders to improve Indian education.
Ans On the whole,universal education in India was neglected by the British till Wardha Education Scheme ( 1937 ) was initiated by Gandhiji . 
He believed that English education created a sense di inferiority and developed master - slave mentality among the Indians So , a National Education System was proposed that would inculcate morals like truth , goodness , justice , a sense of self - respect and dignity among the Indian masses. 
Secondly Sir Sayaid Ahmad Kahn, Mahamna Madan Mohan Malviye and the great literary figure Guru Ravindra Nath Tagore have been the great others personalities who contributed a lot in the field of education.They established Aligarh University,Kashi Vishwvidalaya and Shanti Niketan.

Long Type Question and Answer

Q.1.Do you think, that the British system of Education had a negative impact ? Write your views.

Answer- Negative Impacts of the British system of Education were.

a.It created a division between English educated Indians and the rest of Indians.

b.Indigenous literature and thoughts were ignored.

c.British text books glorified the British administration and philosophy.

d.Education became the priority of those who could afford it and hence, only the rich Indians benefited.
However the British educational system had some positive impacts too.
a.The English language united the people of different regions. People now rose above narrow prejudices and started thinking of India as their motherland.
b.A surge of nationalism spread in all parts and all sections in India.
c.It created awareness about the ideals of equality, liberty and democracy, etc.
d.It created awareness about the need of social and religious reforms.
e.Educated women like Sarojini Naidu joined the national movements.

Q.2. List the major landmarks in the field of education in eighteenth century.

Answer- The major landmarks in the field of education in eighteenth century were:

(i) Some stray efforts were made in the field of education but the Charter Act of 1813 was the first significant step wherein the British sanctioned a sum of one lakh rupees for education in India. The Hindu and the Elphinstone collage were established in Calcutta and Bombay respectively.

(ii) The British wanted physiological slavery of elite class of the Indian society. In 1835, Thomas Macaulay said, “we must do our best to form a class who may be between us and the millions whom we govern.”

(iii) Charles Wood was a British Liberal politician and Member of Parliament. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1846 to 1852. Later he became the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company. In 1854 he sent the “Wood’s dispatch” to the Governor General Lord Dalhousie.

(v) It was hoped that the new provincial Governments would be able to plan educational reconstruction with a bolder and freer hand and execute it with vigor, firmness and speed. Wardha scheme of education in 1937, Gandhi infused a new life by giving expression to his ideas about the problem of education in India and wanted that education should be given through “a profit yielding vocation”, so that it could become self-supporting.

(iv) The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 was passed in 18, March 1904 by British during the times of Lord Curgeon.

It is an expedient (उपाय ) to provide for the preservation of ancient monuments, for the exercise of control over traffic in antiquities and over excavation in certain places, and for the protection and acquisition in certain cases of ancient monuments and of objects of archaeological, historical or artistic interest. Act preserves and restores ancient Indian monuments by Archaeological Survey of India

Q.3.Describe the main contribution of any three social reformers to improve the Indian Society.

Answer- The main contributions of any three social reformers to improve the Indian Society are following

Narayana Guru (1854–1928), also known as Shree Narayana Guru was a Hindu saint, sadhu and social reformer of India. He was born into an Ezhava family, in an era when people from that community and other communities that were regarded as Avarna faced much social injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerla.  
Gurudevan, as he was known by his followers, led a reform movement in Kerala, rejected casteism and promoted new values of spiritual freedom and social equality.

He stressed the need for the spiritual and social uplifting of the downtrodden by their own efforts through the establishment of temples and educational institutions. In the process he denounced the superstitions that affected the fundamental Hindu cultural convention of caste.

Mahatma Gandhi was known as Father of Nation, played a stellar role in India’s freedom struggle. He initiated many activities like Satyagraha and Sarvodaya under non-violent resistance. He wanted to transform India into a community where every individual would serve others, especially the poor and the meek.

Gandhiji was opposed to child-marriage,untouchblity, discrimination against women.
He considered untouchables as Harijans-people of God.
He believed that the spinning wheel, Khadi and revival of village industries were necessary for the villagers so that they do not migrate to cities in search of work.

Gandhiji said that a wife was not a slave but a companion and a help-mate of her husband. He supported education of women and widow remarriage. He opposed dowry and purdah systemcaste.

Swami Dayanand was a great sage, a philosopher scholar and a social reformer. He was born in a Brahmin family and in 1875, he established Arya Samaj Society of Nobles at Bombay and later at Lahore.

He believed in one god and propagated the message of ‘Back to Vedas’, which are a source of great knowledge. 

He also started Shuddhi Movement to reconvert Hindus who had been converted into other religions. He opposed idol worship, child marriage and caste system. He was a great supporter of widow remarriage and women’s education.

Q.4.State the impact of the reform movements on India.

Answer-The socio religious brought about remarkable change in the society and religion. These movements had a deep impact on all section of society all over India and strengthened both Hinduism and Islam by eradicating many social evils.

The educated Indians revived the past glory and helped in the formation of modern India. The reform movements also brought a cultural awakening. India saw a rapid development in the field of literature, science and art. 

There was a remarkable improvement in the status and education of woman, laws were enforced to curb social evils.

The reform movements created a middle class of teachers, doctors, lawyers, scientist and journalists.

The enlightened and educated class played a very crucial and constructive role in the progress of India.

Q.5. Although the British brought laws to end social evils yet they continue to exist. Justify by giving three examples.

Answer- Although the British brought laws to end social evils yet they continue to exist. Three examples are:

(I) Sati Pratha:-Sati was an inhuman practice where a widow was forced to burn herself on the funeral pyre of her husband. It was abolished in 1829 by the Governor General, William Bentinck at the insistence of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a social reformer and a crusader for the cause of women.But still we heard the cases of Sati Pratha system.

(II) Female Infanticide :- Female Infanticide, killing of infant girls, was banned by law still continuing in our society. As we orthodox Indians usually prefer the male child and kill the female child before her birth.

(III) Child Marriage:- We witness yet many cases of Child Marriage in remote areas,as the child marriage was banned by law in 1891 and again in 1929.
Q.What these words stand for ?
Keywords
Anglicist :  A specialist in English language and literature.
Maktabs :  An Arabic word meaning school.
Orientalists : Scholarly study of Asian culture and languages,especially,by westerners.
Reformer a person who wants to bring changes or improvise the society.