4.Chapter 9.S.St.Directions

Chapter 9

Directions 

Neelam madam put up a map of Amritsar with important buildings on the wall.  She told the children that they would revise the cardinal directions that they had learnt in Class - Ill.  She marked the four directions and the school on the map.  The children were very happy that they were able to locate the direction of each important place from their school.  Neelam madam also showed a compass to the children.  A compass is an instrument that shows directions.  The needle of a compass always points to the north and from that we can locate other directions.  The first compass was invented by the Chinese.  Now the compasses come in different sizes.  Some of them are so small that they look like wrist watches.  The sailors, pilots, motorists, mountaineers, trekkers, all use compasses.  69

Cardinal Directions The four cardinal directions or cardinal points on the compass are North, East, West and South.  North and South point towards the North and South poles.  The cardinal directions are also written as N, E.W.S.  The knowledge of cardinal directions helps us to: • find the way around our locality.  • follow the directions given by others.  • read and give directions.  • Reach our destination without wasting time.  Do you know?  Sun also helps us to locate the directions.  The sun rises in the east.  In the noon it is in the south.  In the evening the sun sets in the west.  Moon can also be used for locating the directions but it is not visible during a major part of each month.  N W Activity 1: Lokesh went 15 km to the North from his house.  Then he turned West and covered 10 km.  Then, he turned South and covered 5 km.  Finally, he covered 10 km to the East.  Draw the directions from Lokesh's house.  In which direction is he from his house at last?  Tick ​​the correct option.  la East (b) West (c) North (d) South 70

10 hast 5 km South TOTEM Bast 15 km North N E Lokesh's House Activity 2: Each child holds a cardboard clock with the hour and minute hands.  When the hour hand is on 12 o'clock, it shows North direction, at 3 o'clock it shows East, at 6 o'clock it shows South and when it is at 9 o'clock it shows West.  19 11 P 1 22 3 10 2 3 ODD 4.  9 18 7 7 8 4 6 5 North East South Wes!  71

Intermediate Directions NIWCell cas de los Top 1001 Look at the above picture of the compass.  Notice that four intermediate or intermediary directions are marked between the four cardinal directions.  The intermediate (in - between) direction between the north and the east is called North East (NE).  Mark the other intermediary directions (a) South East is between South and East.  (b) South West is between South and West.  (c) North West is between North and West.  In earlier times, when there was no compass, man followed landmarks to reach his destination.  A landmark is a familiar sight, important building or signpost.  Even now people use landmarks to reach a place or direct others.  Do you know?  While travelling on water bodies, like seas, oceans, snow - covered mountains or in thick forests, where there are no landmarks, stars guided the sailors at night, shape or size of rocks helped the mountaineers, and travelers made marks on the trees in  the forests.  A Sketch is a diagram drawn from memory.  It gives us a rough idea of ​​a place and helps in locating a place.  It guides us with words like right - left, front - back and gives some landmarks like a road, church, hospital, etc.  72

Look at the sketch on a wedding card.  It guides the visitors to reach the venue at Maharaja Agarsain Bhawan, Delhi.  Activity 2: 100 Draw a sketch of your locality, with three important landmarks.  Schoot for Bhalshasur Cheka Post Office Hospital Chowk A landmark or a sketch gives us an idea of ​​a place.  But a map gives us an exact location of the place.  A Map is an exact drawing of a place.  It is drawn to scale.  It gives us the location of place on a flat surface.  Maps come in different sizes.  They can be put in a book (atlas), folded, put on walls or rolled and stored.  Most maps also show only the north direction, marked as 'N'.  Some maps give all the directions.  73

It is very important to learn to read a map by understanding the language of maps.  Maps use the same language all over the world so that everyone can read any map, anywhere.  Do you know?  There are different types of maps a.  Road Maps b.  Maps c.  Political Maps d.  Physical Maps e.  Thematic Maps 1. A Scale is used to represent the ratio between distance on map and the distance on the ground, as it is not possible to show actual distance on a small map.  For example - 1: 1000 or 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.  AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN CHINA RAJASTHAN UITAR FRADESH Luxdow GEN ASSAM BAHAR IN GO 2N D MADHYA PRADESH REAM MAHARASHTRA ODISHA REWER MYANMAR ANANIAN BENGAL ANA Barnet obradu TE me but FRAGEN OW SOUBOOL ODOTUS 20 mp M REFERENCES DAN VIS em meio a ME INDIAN OCEAN in 15 74

2. A Symbol represents real objects.  It may be in the form of a simple drawing, letter or a shape.  Similar symbols are used all over the world.  Map Symbols main road morewer dirt road Irail V Rigo polec depression email largo pl resten evergreen tree deciduous tree cam railway flag pole ligha polo pand 1 parking lot garbage bin Vegetation boundary Unctosable murah power line bicycle track O all Mill (knoll) 2222 face dry ditch  ) +] goal posts + play.ground equipment POLLEGE bench TangPantanenin pariable rock [] ruin tablo rootstock building bridge boulder os Do You Know?  1941 Road signs are put up on roadside to ensure the safety of drivers.  They tell the drivers about speed limit, the curves of the road, speed breaker, etc.  A good driver must understand the meaning of road signs for safe driving.  V POSTING WORDTD CAR LE CONTES GIVE WAT OLLO STOP POLLELLD 3. The colors differ different features on a map.  The blue color indicates water, the brown indicates hills and the green color is used to show plains.  Now you know that - we can locate a place with the help of a map, compass, sketch or landmarks.  So let us learn the language of map.  175