4.Chapter 13.S.St.India - Our Motherland India,

Chapter 13

 India - Our Motherland India, our motherland, is a vast country.  It has a great variety of landforms like mountains, forests, desert, lakes, rivers, valleys and plateaus.  India also has a great variety in flora (plant life), fauna (animal life), climate, traditions and culture.  It is this great diversity that makes India a unique country, NGHANISTAN SUDRA LE A ch nebo KUIN 1.  IMMUUDELLE PAKISTAN CHINA AN HIEF peu UTTAR THACT WAAL RAJASTHAN MIIANI Wide ADSAM PIHAR WAS M 'ND ALARM OUJARAT om MADHYA PRADEON WARIATRAMA PRAM PRADESH HINI HOUT MAHARASHTRA ODIORA MYANMAR Www SoidNA ARABIAN SIA TELENOANA HAY OF 42 KARNATAKA ANA FARE PENGAL Endom WOO URROUNY CORTAR WALLNADU REFERENCE WWW  AME LARINA INDIAN OCEAN 108

The land area of ​​India spreads over 3879 kilometres from Kashmir in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south.  In the east it spreads over 3328 kilometres from Gujarat in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east.  India has 29 states and seven Union Territories.  Our neighboring countries are Nepal, Bhutan, China, Tibet, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan INDIAN STATES AND CAPITALS 1. Andhra Pradesh - Hyderabad 11. Jammu & Kashmir - Srinagar 21. Odisha - Bhubaneswar 2. Arunachal Pradesh - Itanagar 12.  Jharkhand - Ranchi 22. Punjab - Chandigarh 3.  Assam - Dispur 13. Karnataka - Bengaluru 23. Rajasthan - Jaipur 14. Kerala - Thiruvananthapuram 24. Sikkim - Gangtok 4.  Bihar - Patna 15. Madhya Pradesh - Bhopal 25. Tamil Nadu - Chennai 5. Chattisgarh - Raipur 6.  Telangana- Hyderabad 16. Maharashtra - Mumbai 26. Tripura - Agartala 7. Goa - Panaji 17. Manipur - Imphal 27. Uttarakhand - Dehradun 8. Gujarat - Gandhi Nagar 18. Meghalaya - Shillong 28. Uttar Pradesh - Luchnow 9. Haryana - Chandigarh  19. Mizoram - Aizwal 29. West Bengal - Kolkata 10. Himachal Pradesh - Shimla 20. Nagaland - Kohima UNION TERRITORIES AND CAPITALS 1.  Delhi - New Delhi 2 3.  4.  Andaman and Nicobar - Port Blair Dadar and Nagar Haveli - Silvasa Lakshadweep - Karavatti Chandigarh - Chandigarh Daman and Diu - Daman 5.  6.  7.  Pondichery - Puduchery for wobb Varbds biset UVBH Loyillast sibollo tebalang nam 109

Look at the world map.  Can you locato India?  Your teacher parents will help you to label India in the continent of Asia, WORLD MAP Icela (Pramani iii CRR WA FERVE F SAN SG ANE all TRU HERON Suntalia HEIM - Meta *** Om Activity: India is in the continent of Asia. List  the other continents with the help of the above map (a) (d) (b) (e) (f) Do You Know? Continents are huge landmasses. In Class - Ill, you have read about many different landforms. Now, let  us learn about main physical features of India, 110

The Physical Features of India • The Northern Mountains • The Northern Plains ॐ Do You Know?  The landforms of India include mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus, etc.  • The Indian Desert • The Deccan Plateau • The Islands Groups A. The Northern Mountains - The Himalayas The Northern mountain, the Himalayan, range, stretches from Jammu and Kashmir in the north to Arunachal Pradesh in the east.  The high peaks are covered with snow throughout the year.  The mountains are the source of many rivers.  There are many hill stations here like Shimla, Sri Nagar, Gulmarg, Nainital, Kullu, etc.  Northern mountains Do You Know?  Mount Everest, in Himalayas, is the highest peak of the world.  It is in Nepal.  B. The Northern Plains The Northern plain is a broad, Do You Know?  flat rolling land.  It is fertile and many rivers that rise in Himalayas hence, many crops grow here.  flow through these plains, e.g.  Hence, many industries have Ganga, Brahmaputra, etc.  been set up in plains.  It is thickly populated.  Many holy places like Haridwar, Mathura, Allahabad, Prayag and Varanasi are also located in the Northern Plains.  111

C. The Indian Desert The Indian desert is known as the Thar Desert.  It is a barren and sandy land.  Located mostly in Rajasthan, the area receives very little rainfall.  The desert has hills of sand called Sand Dunes.  The days are hot and nights are cool in the Thar desert.  Do you know?  Camel is called the 'Ship of the Desert' because it can carry loads through the desert with the help of its padded feet.  Camels can remain without water for a long time.  D. The Deccan Plateau Do You Know?  The Deccan plateau is also known The Deccan plateau is a store as the Southern Plateau.  The plateau house of many minerals like is an elevated land.  slopes from mica, iron ore, etc.  western side to the eastern side.  It is BOY triangular in shape with a rocky and uneven surface.  Many rivers flow through this region.  They supply water for irrigation and the dams on the rivers produce electricity.  Elinis pismu E. The Coastal Plains India has fairly a long coastline.  The land near the coasts is known as the Coastal Plain.  The Western Coastal Plain and the Eastern Coastal Plain lie to the west and east of Indian peninsula.  The Western Do You Know?  Coastal plains are the coastal plains have many seaports, where narrow.  The Eastern ships are loaded and unloaded.  These ports Coastal Plains are Kandla (Gujarat), Marmagao port (Goa), broader.  Many Cochin port (Kerala), Tuticorn port (Tamil like Mahanadi Nadu), Haldia port (West Bengal), etc.  Kaveri drain into Bay of Bengal.  31, bridge Mbarona rivers and 112

F. The Islands India has two groups of islands.  (a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands: They are in the Bay of Bengal in the south - east of India.  It is a group of about 300 islands.  Only a few of them are inhabited by people.  The Andaman islands are in the north and Nicobar islands are in the south.  These islands are hilly and have thick forests.  Do you know?  Andaman and Nicobar Islands are known for their natural beauty, sandy beaches and rich marine biodiversity.  Corals are one of the main attractions here.  Corals are small organisms that look like plants.  They give a colorful and sparkling underwater view.  (b) Lakshadweep islands: They are in the Arabian Sea in the south west of India.  They are close to the mainland.  Lakshadweep islands are small and flat.  They are only 36 in number.  Only 10 islands are big enough for people to live on them and earn their living.  Do you know?  Lakshadweep is famous for butterfly fish, sooty tern, bread fruit, etc.  113

People in different parts of India enjoy a great diversity in dishes, dresses, languages, music and dance forms.  The best feature of India's culture is that inspite of the diversity, we all live in harmony with others.  Diversity of India Do You Know?  Different food items grow in different physical features of India like almonds and apples in the mountains, wheat and rice in plains, coconuts near the seal 114